Yes. In Canada, simply possessing a firearm illegally can result in criminal charges even if the gun was never fired, displayed, or used during another crime. For example, possessing a firearm without a valid licence (PAL) or possessing a restricted/prohibited firearm without proper authorization can lead to charges under sections 91 or 92 of the Criminal Code.

Potentially. Some firearms offences carry very serious penalties, including significant jail sentences. Factors that affect sentencing include whether the firearm was loaded, whether it was prohibited or restricted, whether there is a prior criminal record, and whether the firearm was connected to another alleged offence. However, not every firearms charge automatically results in jail.

Common defences may include lack of knowledge, lack of possession, unlawful search and seizure by police, improper handling of evidence, or lawful authorization to possess the firearm. In some cases, the issue is whether the accused actually knew the firearm was present or had control over it. Charter arguments are also common in firearms cases involving vehicle stops, home searches, or search warrants.

Yes. A conviction for a firearms offence can lead to a firearms prohibition order, seizure of firearms, loss of your PAL, difficulty crossing the U.S. border, and long-term employment consequences. In serious cases, the prohibition can last for many years or even for life